<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC '-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN'  'http://www.docbook.org/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd'><article><articleinfo><title>LabElectronica/ProyectoQuadricoptero/PVTOL_ControlDelAngulo</title><revhistory><revision><revnumber>51</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 23:27:14</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>50</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 22:52:31</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>49</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 22:47:14</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>48</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 21:35:24</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>47</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 21:34:08</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>46</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 21:30:30</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>45</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 21:29:00</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>44</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 21:25:35</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>43</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 21:22:06</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>42</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 21:18:04</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>41</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 14:37:35</date><authorinitials>DavidGaydou</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>40</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 14:33:27</date><authorinitials>DavidGaydou</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>39</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 14:30:09</date><authorinitials>DavidGaydou</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>38</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 14:23:30</date><authorinitials>DavidGaydou</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>37</revnumber><date>2010-09-24 14:18:38</date><authorinitials>DavidGaydou</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>36</revnumber><date>2010-09-10 01:06:53</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>35</revnumber><date>2010-09-09 23:26:20</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>34</revnumber><date>2010-09-09 23:22:45</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>33</revnumber><date>2010-09-07 00:55:16</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>32</revnumber><date>2010-09-06 22:38:02</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>31</revnumber><date>2010-09-06 22:30:11</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>30</revnumber><date>2010-09-06 22:27:45</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>29</revnumber><date>2010-09-06 22:23:24</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>28</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 15:23:21</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>27</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 15:22:39</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>26</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 15:15:28</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>25</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 14:44:07</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>24</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 14:42:52</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>23</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 14:20:28</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>22</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 14:18:09</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>21</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 14:14:37</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>20</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 14:12:32</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>19</revnumber><date>2010-09-03 14:08:45</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>18</revnumber><date>2010-09-02 22:46:06</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>17</revnumber><date>2010-08-29 04:45:31</date><authorinitials>TiN</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>16</revnumber><date>2010-08-29 04:43:54</date><authorinitials>TiN</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>15</revnumber><date>2010-08-28 00:56:08</date><authorinitials>TiN</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>14</revnumber><date>2010-08-28 00:37:02</date><authorinitials>TiN</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>13</revnumber><date>2010-08-27 23:38:18</date><authorinitials>TiN</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>12</revnumber><date>2010-08-27 20:03:26</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>11</revnumber><date>2010-08-06 12:36:42</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>10</revnumber><date>2010-08-04 19:02:58</date><authorinitials>TiN</authorinitials><revremark>Se cambia nombre desde &quot;LabElectronica/PVTOL_ControlDelAngulo&quot;</revremark></revision><revision><revnumber>9</revnumber><date>2010-08-04 19:02:13</date><authorinitials>TiN</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>8</revnumber><date>2010-08-03 21:12:36</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>7</revnumber><date>2010-08-03 21:07:14</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>6</revnumber><date>2010-08-03 21:05:15</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>5</revnumber><date>2010-08-03 20:51:22</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>4</revnumber><date>2010-08-03 20:47:39</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>3</revnumber><date>2010-08-03 20:46:23</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>2</revnumber><date>2010-08-03 20:44:40</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>1</revnumber><date>2010-08-03 17:29:14</date><authorinitials>Jaarac</authorinitials></revision></revhistory></articleinfo><section><title>Modelo Balancín</title><informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><colspec colname="col_0"/><tbody><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> Correcciones: la referencia a lazo abierto no es ángulo, debería ser torque. </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki/LabElectronica/ProyectoQuadricoptero/PVTOL_ControlDelAngulo?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=FdTLASinRea.png" width="600"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>FdTLASinRea.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=b64c11528054bd7a7af55bf5d4bd7ff5c0591c88"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$G_p = \frac{K_J}{s^2}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=fe1a54a15afbfc3b0a4a7f1d003bfe519c9a85aa"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$G_c = K_p$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=29e70f20e775197244f09ccd28327989bb2bf56c"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$K_M = \frac{\Delta_F}{\Delta_D}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=80cd844455fd8f0771b3d4e0801a76da4f5639cb"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$K_J = \frac{r}{J_T}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>En donde <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=83ac145b7894425d195628bedf069a3b48b0eab8"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$G_c$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> es el compensador, <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=2043d5cd5871390e9ef20bda1cd57efd2656019d"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$k_M$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> es la función de transferencia entre fuerza y duty, y <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=fd13120875167344420c8d8fd368be42410c693e"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$k_J$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> es la función de transferencia entre fuerza y ángulo. <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=ddfb25f0d16fd4b63ea949014176a0ccbc90e032"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$r$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> representa la distancia desde la aplicación de la fuerza hasta el centro de giro y <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=4ba41bfc7a691d1e9915f95f5d368c3c5e175dbf"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$J_T$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> es la inercia total. </para><para>La función de transferencia a Lazo abierto queda: </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=187d39a5c299d8c16d3867953da6e42816e91eb0"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$G_{LA}(s) = \frac{K_pK_MK_J}{s^2}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section><section><title>Modelo Balancín con Compensación Proporcional y Realimentación</title><para>Suponemos que la función de transferencia del sensor es lineal, por esto podemos decir que la <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=e55790721bc4df059f5b5aa5157ab2e24ae98173"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$H(s)=1$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>. </para><para>De esto obtenemos: </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=e1b063d6a92e338d34341f4e44308531798944ef"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$\frac{\Phi_{out}(s)}{\Phi_{ref}(s)}=\frac{G_{LA}(s)}{1+G_{LA}(s)H(s)}=\frac{K_pK_MK_J}{s^2 + K_pK_MK_J}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section><section><title>Modelo Balancín con Compensación Proporcional-Derivativa y Realimentación</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki/LabElectronica/ProyectoQuadricoptero/PVTOL_ControlDelAngulo?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=FdTLA_PD.png" width="600"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>FdTLA_PD.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para><para>Suponemos que la función de transferencia del sensor es lineal, por esto podemos decir que la <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=e55790721bc4df059f5b5aa5157ab2e24ae98173"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$H(s)=1$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>. </para><para>De esto obtenemos: </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=542b952989ae4a1ac298c05bd2e7d3fedf92065a"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$G_c(s) = K_p + K_ds$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=21db60b0f58b2d7e91afa0a15a5f4ef2411c002a"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$G_{LA}(s) = \frac{K_MK_J}{s^2}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=9579d831cb88d5c7be05b24bd9efca9cb5d20a02"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$\frac{\Phi_{out}(s)}{\Phi_{ref}(s)}=\frac{G_{LA}(s)G_c(s)}{1+G_{LA}(s)H(s)G_c(s)}=\frac{K_pK_MK_J + K_dK_MK_Js}{s^2 + K_dK_MK_Js + K_pK_MK_J}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section><section><title>Modelo Balancín con Compensador PID</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=fbca5cd076e11cc4a5611de3e56593be33be8ad1"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_p(s) = \frac{1}{Js^2} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> ; <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=6ad1f602ee4e2fe3baf7e2f3ed6b5adb952da533"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_c(s) = k_p\cdot(1 + \frac{1}{T_is} + T_ds}) $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>. </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=d584d0da2d89cb8f1cf6e5052d6aa66af7eee004"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{LA}(s) = \frac{k_p}{T_iJ}\frac{T_iT_ds^2 + T_is + 1}{s^3}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=3f066e25860e456d49e965f78ec80edbdbb0857a"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{LC}(s) = k_p\frac{T_iT_ds^2 + T_is + 1}{T_iJs^3 + k_pT_iT_ds^2 + k_pT_is + k_p}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section><section><title>Cálculo Aproximado de las constantes</title><section><title>Cálculo de la constante de Inercia</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=80cd844455fd8f0771b3d4e0801a76da4f5639cb"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$K_J = \frac{r}{J_T}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=c1bd47bc0fcf5ecf4371ff4cadcea1bff32b84f6"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$J = \sum{m.r^2}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=2bfc703bc27e342f015c8457770d7a02c338f125"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$J_T = 2(J_{motor} + J_{ESC} + J_{helice}) + J_{barra}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=bb463cb4779e127ab6ad298547879600556ed3f8"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$J_{motor} = 52.{20,5}^2 [g.{cm}^2] = 21853 [g.{cm}^2]$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=f6106943408b3be19714631a8cadc565b155f393"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$J_{ESC} = 32.{10}^2 [g.{cm}^2] = 3200 [g.{cm}^2]$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=e59707213b0fe7f299e05c2dc79df72dbf2b6fe0"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$J_{helice} = 15.{20,5}^2 [g.{cm}^2] = 6303,75 [g.{cm}^2]$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=464eb7d151074d6e08a5eb1276a68ec0fa32324c"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$J_{barra} = \frac{m.L^2}{12} = \frac{110.{51}^2}{12} [g.{cm}^2] = 23842,5 [g.{cm}^2]$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=1e18c8ee3b2a6fbde4caf82a951f5b12a155495f"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$J_T = 86556 [g.{cm}^2] = 0.0086556 [Kg.{m}^2]$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=e4f99ea2ed4359596ce4cf29e3e9e4e0fbc04b0d"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$\boxed{K_J = \frac{21}{86556}[\frac{1}{g.cm}]=  24.26174962[\frac{1}{Kg.m}]}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section><section><title>Cálculo de la constante del Motor</title><para>Según las mediciones realizadas podemos aproximar estas constantes. </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=9c0a147acad50396fdc683867c792f9f59c9ae52"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$K_{MPusher} = \frac{\Delta_F}{\Delta_D} = \frac{40}{3000}\frac{g}{cuentas}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=3ba3c7c81f942679d20513506c08009c1a773566"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$K_{MNormal} = \frac{\Delta_F}{\Delta_D} = \frac{70}{3000}\frac{g}{cuentas}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><section><title>Estabilización en modo común</title><para>En esta medición se trato de llevar el ángulo del PVTOL a cero seteando el pwm de un motor y ajustando el otro para que el ángulo sea 0.  </para><informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><colspec colname="col_0"/><colspec colname="col_1"/><tbody><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> Motor Normal </para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> Motor Pusher </para></entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> 7700 </para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> 5750 </para></entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> 8350 </para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> 7600 </para></entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> 10100 </para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> 11150 </para></entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> 11750 </para></entry><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> 14200 </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></section></section></section><section><title>Análisis Discreto</title><informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><colspec colname="col_0"/><tbody><row rowsep="1"><entry colsep="1" rowsep="1"><para> Correcciones: El bloque del retentor de orden cero va después del bloque del compensador </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki/LabElectronica/ProyectoQuadricoptero/PVTOL_ControlDelAngulo?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Planta_PVTOL.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>Planta_PVTOL.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para><para>Planta: <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=bcb58ea704ed68246ec2214a601162352f467050"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$G_p = \frac{1}{J*S^2}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> Retentor de Orden Cero:<inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=87ad65a3362e6219b36086e20f8341b886e257aa"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_r=\frac{1-e^{-TS}}{S}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=32cf7f4bc3393df293713ed27af8402b4f9c2d61"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ Z[\frac{1 - e^{-TS}}{S} * \frac{1}{J*S^2}] = (1-z^-1) * Z[\frac{2}{2*J*S^3}] = \frac{1-z^{-1}}{2*J}*\frac{T^2*z^{-1}*(1+z^{-1})}{(1-z^{-1})^3}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=7280cc0ed194ca717a4498bd1aa6ec0d9150ef66"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ Z[G_p, G_r] = \frac{T^2}{2*J} * \frac{z^{-1}*(1+z^{-1})}{(1-z^{-1})^{2}} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=b9c16fa51d0c2075fbc7fc45a5aa57ebbf1ccf73"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ F(z) = G_p(z)*G_r(z)*G_c(z) = \frac{T^2}{2*J} * \frac{z^{-1}*(1+z^{-1})}{(1-z^{-1})^{2}} * Kp * [1 + \frac{1}{T_i*(1-z^{-1})} + T_d*(1-z^{-1})] $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=3c7da6129d534b884cbaa72374b7c189dcb6a87b"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ F(z) = \frac{T^2 * K_p}{2*J} * [\frac{z^{-2} + z^{-1}}{(1-z^{-1})^2} + \frac{z^{-2} + z^{-1}}{T_i*(1-z^{-1})^3} + \frac{T_d*z^ {-2} + T_d*z^{-1}}{(1-z^{-1})}] $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=2d07f077d17eccc3dc4dcf648474ce26824f9d07"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ F(z) = \frac{T^2 * K_p}{2*J} * \frac{T_i*T_d+(-T_i-T_i*T_d)*z+(1-T_i*T_d)*z^2+(1+T_i+T_i*T_d)*z^3}{z^4-3*z^3+3*z^2-z} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section><section><title>Análisis en tiempo continuo, con retentor de orden cero aproximado</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=ae41d38a9006acc048245ebcc5f64530e24af651"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{h0}(S) = \frac{1-e^{-TS}}{S} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> Una aproximación de esto es <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=04f889b58caac1db7f19420748281a2a09f625d2"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{h0} = \frac{2-TS}{S*(2+TS)} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=66a739339512b85024559facbcd5520fefc0e577"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_p(S) = \frac{1}{J*S^2} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=d8d780b995d555f240c483b7af39b879acf2ba28"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_c(S) = K_p*(1 + \frac{1}{T_iS} + T_dS) $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=54f84515512b42987f6f1db952ae9a37e6c2db0b"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_p(S)G_{h0}(S)G_c(S) = \frac{K_p*T_d}{J}*\frac{(2-TS)*(S^2+\frac{S}{T_i}+\frac{1}{T_iT_d})}{(2S+TS^2)*S^2*S} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=5df10202c228f6517ec4c06cec6fe84bb2bb2926"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_p(S)G_{h0}(S)G_c(S) = \frac{K_p*T_d}{J}*\frac{-S^3+S^2*(\frac{2}{T}-\frac{1}{T_d})+S*(\frac{2}{T_dT}-\frac{1}{T_dT_i})+\frac{2}{T_dT_iT}}{S^5+S^4*\frac{2}{T}} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section><section><title>Diseño del Controlador PID Discreto para el Balancín</title><section><title>Funciones de Transferencia</title><section><title>Función de Transferencia de la Planta más el Retentor de Orden Cero</title><section><title>Tiempo Continuo</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=37b5b271ec54662e9e340518a76c4014a7204c59"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{h0}(s) = \frac{1-e^{-Ts}}{s} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>Una aproximación de esto es <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=41078ae8438b7d7a528cb799c88681096829913d"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{h0} = \frac{2-Ts}{s(2+Ts)} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>, pero no la usaremos. </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=fbca5cd076e11cc4a5611de3e56593be33be8ad1"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_p(s) = \frac{1}{Js^2} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=0023ed330356e180af18e274a6150e666c19ea98"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G(s) = G_{h0}(s)G_p(s) = \frac{1-e^{-Ts}}{Js^3}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section><section><title>Tiempo Discreto</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=50c0d5c6d819e9ba2fb325c5269d4d7a3a96d489"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G(z) = \frac{T^2}{2J}\frac{z + 1}{(z-1)^2} = \frac{T^2}{2J}\frac{z + 1}{z^2 -2z + 1 }$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section></section><section><title>Función de Transferencia del Controlador PID</title><section><title>Tiempo Discreto</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=3b4e8a8f9add0c596fd2aafc6d8d402fe6b9fdf7"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_c(z) = K_P + \frac{K_I}{1-z^{-1}} + K_D(1-z^{-1}) = \frac{(K_P + K_I + K_D)z^2 + ( -2K_D - K_P )z + K_D }{ z^2 - z }$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section></section><section><title>Función de Transferencia a Lazo Abierto</title><section><title>Tiempo Discreto</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=669afe9c963ff01566440c45de08eb9c1875a42b"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{LA}(z) = G(z)G_c(z) = \frac{T^2}{2J}\frac{(K_P + K_I + K_D)z^3 + (K_I - K_D)z^2 + (-K_P - K_D)z + K_D}{z^4-3z^3+3z^2-z}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>Si definimos <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=53bf62a6b630e4c6f944041598fb4ae7f954cf97"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ K_{In}=\frac{K_I}{K_P} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> y <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=b5265817ca57311eb337c00b24f39ca4592d1541"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ K_{Dn}=\frac{K_D}{K_P} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>. </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=4482afe9e2ae74432375cdc4c307b60db5adc8d5"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{LA}(z) = G(z)G_c(z) = \frac{T^2K_P}{2J}\frac{(1 + K_{In} + K_{Dn})z^3 + (K_{In} - K_{Dn})z^2 + (-1 - K_{Dn})z + K_{Dn}}{z^4-3z^3+3z^2-z}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section></section><section><title>Función de Transferencia a Lazo Cerrado</title><section><title>Tiempo Discreto</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=ac6fa4358138c8e6cbebce30ee82b0cbfc0b3fb0"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{LC}(z) = \frac{G(z)G_c(z)}{1+G(z)G_c(z)} = {T^2}\frac{(K_P + K_I + K_D)z^3 + (K_I - K_D)z^2 + (-K_P - K_D)z + K_D}{ 2Jz^4 + [(K_P+K_I+K_D)T^2 -6J]z^3 + [(K_I-K_D)T^2 + 6J]z^2 + [(-K_P-K_D)T^2 -2J]z + K_DT^2}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>Definiendo <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=5ddb51af5be542912f779368d4aa132fba56fa1d"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ K_{In} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> y <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=217134ac4485fdc12e942fc418040247695fc008"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ K_{Dn} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> como en el punto anterior y definiendo <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=69ee6f6796e35d2eae8cb8385bcdb40331b7ff14"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ J_n = \frac{J}{K_P} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para> y <inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=4eeb53280a6709a33773245cbeb75a856a5dbc9c"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ K_1 = \frac{2J_n}{T^2} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>. </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=68a08eabc97942a076c8b651b3edcf6164479a85"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{LC}(z) = \frac{G(z)G_c(z)}{1+G(z)G_c(z)} = \frac{(1 + K_{In} + K_{Dn})z^3 + (K_{In} - K_{Dn})z^2 + (-1 - K_{Dn})z + K_{Dn}}{ K_1z^4 + ( 1+K_{In}+K_{Dn} - 3K_1)z^3 + (K_{In}-K_{Dn} + 3K_1)z^2 + (-1-K_{Dn} -K_1)z + K_{Dn}}$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section></section></section></section><section><title>Diseño del Controlador PI PD para el Balancín</title><section><title>Planta</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki/LabElectronica/ProyectoQuadricoptero/PVTOL_ControlDelAngulo?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=planta_rate_feedback.png"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>planta_rate_feedback.png</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject> </para></section><section><title>Función de Transferencia a Lazo Abierto</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=c45892c56ada32ddb76bd68e9ee397d4ad6c914b"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{PI}=k_p+\frac{K_i}{s}=k(1+\frac{t_i}{s})$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=c175ac1585c665e516da355932b44aeb6436c980"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_D = k_ds $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=6df59d319048c4fdfc5c4db5abaad118a185bac3"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_P = \frac{k_t}{Js^2} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=8018f799eed3f636e8da2aeddd7dd49d58042127"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{PD} = \frac{G_P}{1+G_PG_D} = \frac{k_t}{Js^2+k_tk_ds} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=5fd506d1b8badd3ebb2800a6ea1cbbe21a17a0eb"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{LA} = \frac{kk_ts+kk_tt_i}{s^3J+k_dk_ts^2} $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para></section><section><title>Función de Transferencia a Lazo Cerrado</title><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=0e4176e2ed7e1a0024989d56a479bc9c4b1788ea"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ G_{LC} = \frac{G_{LA}}{1+G_{LA}} = \frac{ k k_t t_i + k k_t s}{s^3 J + k_d k_t s^2 + k k_t s + k k_t t_i }$$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><section><title>Análisis suponiendo ti = 0</title><para>Polos de la función de transferencia a lazo cerrado. </para><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki?action=cache&amp;do=get&amp;key=41e76c0cdba4a6f825e1e6c4ac7c53c2fe143590"/></imageobject><textobject><phrase>$$$ \[[s=-\frac{\sqrt{{kd}^{2}\,{kt}^{2}-4\,j\,k\,kt}+kd\,kt}{2\,j},s=\frac{\sqrt{{kd}^{2}\,{kt}^{2}-4\,j\,k\,kt}-kd\,kt}{2\,j}]\] $$</phrase></textobject></inlinemediaobject></para><para>Vemos que los polos arrancan sobre el eje sigma negativo y a medida que aumentamos k se acercan entre ellos hasta que se juntan en un punto de ruptura en el eje sigma negativo y empiezan a ser complejos conjugados. El punto de ruptura depende del valor de kd, a medida que este aumenta este punto de ruptura se mueve hacia la izquierda. </para></section></section></section></article>