<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC '-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN'  'http://www.docbook.org/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd'><article><articleinfo><title>Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb</title><revhistory><revision><revnumber>12</revnumber><date>2010-11-18 00:29:18</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>11</revnumber><date>2010-11-18 00:09:32</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>10</revnumber><date>2010-11-18 00:08:59</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>9</revnumber><date>2010-11-18 00:08:10</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>8</revnumber><date>2010-11-18 00:03:26</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>7</revnumber><date>2010-11-17 23:46:25</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>6</revnumber><date>2010-11-17 23:39:47</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>5</revnumber><date>2010-11-17 23:37:53</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>4</revnumber><date>2010-06-05 22:18:45</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>3</revnumber><date>2010-06-05 22:18:04</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>2</revnumber><date>2010-06-05 22:17:25</date><authorinitials>GonzaloPerezPaina</authorinitials></revision></revhistory></articleinfo><section><title>Sensores para el robot móvil RoMAA</title><section><title>Sensores de ultrasonido</title><section><title>Tecnologías de ultrasonido</title><para>Los sensores de alcance (ranging) de ultrasonido se utilizan para estimar la distancia a objetos cercanos calculando el tiempo que le toma al pulso de ultrasonido viajar desde el transductor al objeto y regresar.  Estos sensores emplean traductores principalmente de dos tecnologías: <ulink url="http://www.senscomp.com/piezotransducers.htm">piezoeléctricos</ulink> y <ulink url="http://www.senscomp.com/electransducers.htm">electrostáticos</ulink>. </para><para>Los módulos más empleados de tecnología piezoeléctiricos son los <ulink url="http://www.robot-electronics.co.uk/acatalog/Ultrasonic_Rangers.html">Devantech SRF</ulink> , como el <ulink url="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=SRF08.pdf">SRF08</ulink>. Y los electrostáticos los de la marca <ulink url="http://www.senscomp.com/products.htm">SensComp/Polaroid</ulink>, que consisten en el <ulink url="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=Polaroid6500.pdf">módulo</ulink> de medida <ulink url="http://www.senscomp.com/6500smtmod.htm">6500 Ranging Module</ulink> y los transductores <ulink url="http://www.senscomp.com/electransducers.htm">600 Serie</ulink>. <ulink url="http://www.acroname.com/robotics/parts/R135-SONAR4.html">Acroname Robotics</ulink>  comercializa un paquete que combina el módulo con el transductor. </para></section><section><title>Características</title><para>El trabajo [1] presenta la caracterización de sensores de ultrasonido Polaroid, mientras que en [2] se describe un modelo de calibración de dichos sensores. </para><para><ulink url="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=ultrasonic_sensors.pdf">Lista</ulink> comparativas de características y precios. </para></section><section><title>Aplicaciones</title><para>En robótica móvil la utilización de sensores de ultrasonido se aplican para determinar distancias a objetos, construcción de grillas de ocupación, localización y clasificación de objetivos, etc. En el trabajo presentado en [3] se realiza la construcción de un anillo de sensores de ultrasonido para un robot móvil construido por los autores. Otro ejemplo es el trabajo [4] que describe el robot Quarky-II el cual dispone de 16 sensores Polaroid. </para></section></section><section><title>Sensores Laser</title><para><ulink url="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=hokuyo_laser.pdf">Tabla</ulink> comparativa de características y precios de sensores <ulink url="http://www.hokuyo-aut.jp/">Hokuyo</ulink> comercializados por <ulink url="http://www.acroname.com/robotics/parts/R313-HOKUYO-LASER3.html">Acroname Robotics</ulink>. (<ulink url="https://ciii.frc.utn.edu.ar/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb/wiki/Robotica/SensoresRobotsWeb?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=hokuyo_laser">OpenOffice</ulink>)  </para></section></section><section><title>Referencias</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>[1] &quot;Experimental Characterization of Polaroid Ultrasonic Sensors in Single and Phased Array Configuration&quot;, Alex Cao, and Johann Borenstein, The University of Michigan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2002. <ulink url="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~johannb/Papers/paper93.pdf">Descargar</ulink> </para></listitem><listitem><para>[2] &quot;Calibration and interface of a polaroid ultrasonic sensor for mobile robots&quot;, Sv. Noykov, Ch. Roumenin, Institute of Control and System Research, Bulgaria, 2006. <ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?''ob=ArticleURL&amp;''udi=B6THG-4KMYM2S-4&amp;''user=1677769&amp;''rdoc=1&amp;''fmt=&amp;''orig=search&amp;''sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;''version=1&amp;''urlVersion=0&amp;''userid=1677769&amp;md5=6c908fdb185aa9eba2c937e00db38a20">Descargar</ulink> </para></listitem><listitem><para>[3] &quot;Building a Ring of Ultrasonic and Infrared Sensors for a Mobile Robot&quot;, Leonardo Romero and Antonio Concha, Univ. Michoacana de San Nicolas Hidalgo, Mexico, 2007. <ulink url="http://faraday.fie.umich.mx/~lromero/my_papers/sensors_lars2007.pdf">Descargar</ulink> </para></listitem><listitem><para>[4] &quot;Quaky-II: Robot Móvil para Interiores&quot;, Humberto Martínez Barberá, Miguel Ángel Zamora Izquierdo, Universidad de Murcia. <ulink url="http://www.depeca.uah.es/alcabot/alcabot2002/documentos/ponencias/lib006.pdf">Descargar</ulink> </para></listitem></itemizedlist><!--rule (<hr>) is not applicable to DocBook--><itemizedlist><listitem><para>&quot;Comparison of two 2D laser scanners for sensing object distances, shapes, and surface patterns&quot;, Kyeong-Hwan Leea and Reza Ehsani, <ulink url="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6T5M-4PS5DW7-1&amp;_user=1677769&amp;_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2008&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_origin=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_searchStrId=1545326604&amp;_rerunOrigin=google&amp;_acct=C000054193&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=1677769&amp;md5=b164a215aae28d797fef2f7c1a6bb873&amp;searchtype=a">Descargar</ulink> </para></listitem><listitem><para>&quot;Characterization of a 2D laser scanner for mobile robot obstacle negotiation&quot;, Cang Ye, Borenstein, J. <ulink url="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1013609&amp;tag=1">Descargar</ulink> </para></listitem><listitem><para>&quot; Characterization of the compact Hokuyo URG-04LX 2D laser range scanner&quot;, Kneip, L., Tache, F., Caprari, G., Siegwart, R. <ulink url="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5152579">Descargar</ulink> </para></listitem><listitem><para>&quot;Characterization of the Hokuyo URG-04LX Laser Rangefinder for Mobile Robot Obstacle Negotiation&quot;, Yoichi Okubo, Cang Ye, and Johann Borenstein. <ulink url="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~johannb/Papers/paper151.pdf">Descargar</ulink> </para></listitem><listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.sick.com/group/EN/home/Pages/homepage1.aspx">www.sick.com</ulink> </para></listitem><listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.hokuyo-aut.jp/"/> </para></listitem><listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.hizook.com/blog/2009/03/03/new-sick-laser-rangefinder-lms-100-designed-compete-hokuyo-utm-30lx">New SICK Laser Rangefinder (LMS 100) Designed to Compete with Hokuyo (UTM-30LX)?</ulink> </para></listitem><listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.hizook.com/files/publications/SICK_LMS100.pdf">SICK LMS100</ulink> </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section></article>