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Squash and merge

With squash and merge you can combine all your merge request's commits into one and retain a clean history.

Overview

Squashing lets you tidy up the commit history of a branch when accepting a merge request. It applies all of the changes in the merge request as a single commit, and then merges that commit using the merge method set for the project.

In other words, squashing a merge request turns a long list of commits:

List of commits from a merge request

Into a single commit on merge:

A squashed commit followed by a merge commit

The squashed commit's commit message will be either:

  • Taken from the first multi-line commit message in the merge.
  • The merge request's title if no multi-line commit message is found.

It can be customized before merging a merge request.

A squash commit message editor

NOTE: Note: The squashed commit in this example is followed by a merge commit, as the merge method for this example repository uses a merge commit.

Squashing also works with the fast-forward merge strategy, see squashing and fast-forward merge for more details.

Use cases

When working on a feature branch, you sometimes want to commit your current progress, but don't really care about the commit messages. Those 'work in progress commits' don't necessarily contain important information and as such you'd rather not include them in your target branch.

With squash and merge, when the merge request is ready to be merged, all you have to do is enable squashing before you press merge to join the commits in the merge request into a single commit.

This way, the history of your base branch remains clean with meaningful commit messages and:

  • It's simpler to revert if necessary.
  • The merged branch will retain the full commit history.

Enabling squash for a merge request

Anyone who can create or edit a merge request can choose for it to be squashed on the merge request form:

Squash commits checkbox on edit form

This can then be overridden at the time of accepting the merge request:

Squash commits checkbox on accept merge request form

Commit metadata for squashed commits

The squashed commit has the following metadata:

  • Message: the message of the squash commit, or a customized message.
  • Author: the author of the merge request.
  • Committer: the user who initiated the squash.

Squash and fast-forward merge

When a project has the fast-forward merge setting enabled, the merge request must be able to be fast-forwarded without squashing in order to squash it. This is because squashing is only available when accepting a merge request, so a merge request may need to be rebased before squashing, even though squashing can itself be considered equivalent to rebasing.